La Cite Grecque Archaique Et Classique Et l'Ideal de Tranquillite
Paul Demont
La Cite Grecque Archaique Et Classique Et l'Ideal de Tranquillite
Paul Demont
English summary: While ancient Greek city-states recognised work as an ethical requirement, their cohesion was also predicated on an ideal of individual and collective tranquillity (hsychia) whose development this book traces up to Pindar’s eighth Pythian ode.In Athenian democracy, this hesychian ideal subsisted, but in the new form of apragmosyn or (refusal to engage in business), it began to conflict with the need to directly participate in the city-state. Numerous 5th- and 6th-century BC texts (notably in the works of Euripides, Aristophanes, Thucydides and Plato) can only be fully understood in this context. Fourth-century Greek thinkers and philosophers (mainly Plato, Xenophon, Isocrates and Aristotle) recomposed this past in order to construct both an active and tranquil leisure (schol) ideology whose genesis is examined in the third part of this book, as well as its theoretical and historic implications, even as Demosthenes struggled to maintain his status within the heart of Athenian democracy. French description: Les cites de l'aristocratie grecque archaique reconnaissaient l'activite, le travail comme une exigence ethique, mais leur cohesion supposait aussi un ideal de tranquillite individuelle et collective (hesychia) dont ce livre suit d'abord le developpement jusqu'a la huitieme Pythique de Pindare (dont on trouvera le texte, la traduction, un commentaire historique et une interpretation). Dans la democratie athenienne, cet ideal d'hesychia subsiste, mais, sous la forme nouvelle de l'apragmosyne ou refus des affaires , il entre en conflit avec l'exigence de participation directe a la cite: de nombreux textes des Ve et IVe siecles avant notre ere (notamment chez Euripide, Aristophane, Thucydide et Platon) ne prennent tout leur sens que dans cette perspective. Les penseurs et les philosophes du IVe siecle (notamment Platon, Xenophon, Isocrate et Aristote) recomposent ce passe pour construire une ideologie du loisir (schole) a la fois actif et tranquille, dont la troisieme partie du livre etudie la naissance et les implications a la fois theoriques et historiques, tandis qu'un Demosthene tente encore de tenir son poste au coeur de la democratie athenienne. Paul Demont est professeur de langue et litterature grecques a l'Universite de Paris-Sorbonne (Paris - IV).
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