This is a two-part examination of the Reconstructionist philosophy of Mordecai M. Kaplan. Part I is largely devoted to a defence of Kaplan against several serious critics. It also provides new insight into Kaplan’s theology through reference to as yet unknown passages in his Diaries. Part II provides a critical analysis of the contemporary Reconstructionist movement and how a Kaplan disciple treats problems of democracy in Israel and issues of ethical theological concern.