Warfare is at a tipping point today as it passes from the age of industrial warfare to a new era of computerised warfare and a renewed risk of 'big war' between global powers. Humanitarian response is also developing fast as 'big aid' demands more and more money and tries to digitalise and prepare for new needs in long wars and escalating climate crisis.

This book starts with the founding moment of modern of the Red Cross and Red Crescent movement at the Battle of Solferino in 1859 and tracks the big changes in war and humanitarian response in our own times. Organised in three parts, it assesses twenty first century experience of warfare, civilians and humanitarians and looks at where they are heading in the next ten years. It examines the nature of warfare in the century so far and how it is now being transformed by digitalisation. It explains how civilians suffer and survive in wars today and how 'digital civilians' will be central in wars to come. Finally, it looks at today's big humanitarian agencies and how their world is changing too.

Inspired by Henri Dunant's seminal humanitarian text, completed 160 years ago in 1862, Hugo Slim alerts military and humanitarian policymakers alike to the big changes underway in their professions and points to key areas where they must adapt or fail.

'A brilliantly written book: it is accessible, informative, provocative, and offers helpful summaries of contemporary warfare and humanitarianism.' Ethics & International Affairs

'This compelling tract is an irrepressible call for justice, humanity and genuine universality, in a "humanitarian rethink" for the twenty-first century. Impeccable scholarship, and an electrifying, potentially transformative text.' Rama Mani, Co-founder, Home for Humanity

'An urgent, provocative, controversial and thoughtful meditation on the past and future of humanitarian aid. It is a call to reform and think afresh humanitarian work in the face of changing notions of what wars are and will be.' Bertrand Taithe, Professor of Cultural History and Director at the Humanitarian Conflict Response Institute, University of Manchester

'Engaging, sophisticated and informed, this is an important contribution to humanitarian thought and practice on the 160th anniversary of Dunant's seminal essay on Solferino. Slim's continuing optimism is persuasive, but this is also a sober analysis of current trends.' Michael Newman, Emeritus Professor of Politics, London Metropolitan University, and author of Humanitarian Intervention