This second volume in the two-volume series Rethinking the Russo-Japanese War, 1904-5, comprises nineteen chapters and is largely based on the papers presented at a special conference convened at Nichinan, Kyushu, Japan, in 2005. Importantly, it brings together a set of original essays by Japanese, Korean and Chinese scholars, together with analyses by Russian, US and European specialists, thereby reflecting the multinational mix of contemporary influences forming the international vortex of the war. The contributions are thematically structured into six topics: The Force of Personality, Facets of Neutrality, The Power of Intelligence, Interior Lines, Gender and Race, and Global Repercussions. Above all, through the use of primary sources which could not be readily accessed by contemporaries, the contributors have sought to highlight the setting of the conflict in the development of international politics and strategic thinking in the twentieth century, but at the same time eliciting fresh perspectives on the human experiences and dilemmas which impacted on different individuals and groups during the course of the war.