Recent reforms in medical education have prompted the replacement of subjective examination methods with Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) and Single Best Answer (SBA) questions at all levels. In fact single best answer questions are fast becoming the sole method of assessment in undergraduate as well as postgraduate examinations. This book provides a comprehensive revision aid for residents/registrars undertaking their Cardiothoracic Surgery Board examinations around the world, including the FRCS Cardiothoracic Surgery examination, the American Board of Thoracic Surgery examination and the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Board of Cardiothoracic Surgery examination. Although these examinations vary in format in different countries, this book is applicable to all cardiothoracic surgical trainees. The book comprises over 300 single best answer practice questions with each question carefully formulated to cover an important topic in cardiothoracic surgery. A considerable number of these questions have been drawn from past examinations. This book contains a substantial number of patient-based questions or clinical vignettes that will enable prospective candidates to test their ability to integrate key basic science concepts with relevant clinical problems. In addition, factual recall questions have been included that probe for basic recall of facts. Detailed and comprehensive explanations, rather than just brief answers, have been provided so that candidates do not have to consult textbooks for clarification as is the case with many other MCQs books currently available in the market. A list of relevant references is provided at the end of each answer to enable candidates to read the most up-to-date journal articles on the subject.