With the intention of integrating the archaeology of the Mediterranean’s different regions, the annual SOMA conference was held in 2003 at the Institute of Archaeology. These thirty-two papers, which form the proceedings, are multi-disciplinary and consider evidence and sites from the Pleistocene through to Late Antiquity. Subjects range from the dispersal of hominids around the Mediterranean and ancient Near Eastern skull cults to Libyan funerary architecture and monkeys in Egyptian and Minoan art and culture. Other subjects include: the antiquities market; the south Italic fighting technique; north Syria in the 6th century AD; Roman fulling; religion in the southern Levant Chalcolithic; Hellenistic numismatics; burial customs in Argos; the Mycenaean Argolid; gender identities in Egypt; Punic altars; Samnium and the Roman world; archaeological museum space; monument conservation; ethnic identity in archaic Pompeii. All of the papers are in English.