States must develop new approaches, maritime policies, strategies and tactics to cruise through the contemporary maritime politics. Soft power, as well as economic, commercial, and logistics factors are of critical importance in establishing marine power. It is critical to promote maritime-related products such as films, serials, literature and art, maritime journalism, and maritime photography as part of governmental policies.

Marine and maritime security challenges are becoming more important in today’s world. As a result of all these developments, the preparation of a multidimensional and comprehensive work on the oceans and seas at the global level has been brought to the agenda. Our book has been written to elucidate these concerns and contribute to this important scholarly and policy field. This book can also be useful for wider audiences as a comprehensive volume on maritime geopolitics covering many cases from around the world and discussions from Turkish perspectives.

CONTENTS

PREFACE.. 1 PART 1. Antarctic and Arctic Circle Geopolitics. 7 ANTARCTIC AND ARCTIC MARITIME SECURITY INTERACTION WITHIN LIBERALISM, REALISM AND CRITICAL THEORIES. 9 Burak Sakir Seker and Hasret Comak Global Geopolitical Shift: Balance of Power in The Arctic.. 25 Ferdi Gucyetmez BALTIC STATES AND ARCTIC NEGOTIATIONS. 39 OEncel Sencerman UNDERSTANDING THE ANTARCTIC BIODIVERSITY AND TURKISH CONTRIBUTION TO ITS PROTECTION… 51 Bayram OEzturk and Mehmet Goekhan Halici

PART 2. INDIAN AND PACIFIC OCEAN GEOPOLITICS. 57 SECURITIZATION PROCESS OF INDO-PACIFIC AND ASIA-PACIFIC THROUGH IR THEORIES WITHIN MARITIME SECURITY INTERACTION… 59 Burak Sakir Seker THE GEOPOLITICS OF INDO PACIFIC REGION… 75 A. Inci Soekmen Alaca ASEAN AND ITS ROLE IN THE GEOPOLITICS OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC.. 91 Ahmet Ates and Suleyman Temiz REGIONAL CHALLENGES AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: THE COMPLEX REALITIES OF SOUTH PACIFIC GEOPOLITICS. 111 Amba Pande THE WIDER NORTH AND THE NEW GEOPOLITICS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC: CRYOPOLITICS. 125 Ebru Caymaz and Fahri Erenel

PART 3. MARITIME POLICIES OF GLOBAL AND REGIONAL ACTORS. 133 THE AFRICAN UNION’S MARITIME SECURITY STRATEGY AND ITS IMPACT ON CONTINENTAL PEACE AND STABILITY.. 135 Asena Boztas and Huriye Yildirim Cinar CONTEMPORARY GEOPOLITICAL ASPECTS OF THE ATLANTIC: ACTORS, ISSUES, AND COOPERATION… 151 Ahmet Ates THE GEOPOLITICAL SCENARIOS OF THE QUAD COUNTRIES, THE UNITED STATES, JAPAN, AUSTRALIA AND INDIA.. 167 Duygu Cagla Bayram RUSSIAN NAVAL DOCTRINE AND RUSSIAN NAVY MODERNIZATION… 187 Ahmet Sapmaz THE STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF THE CASPIAN SEA FOR REGIONAL AND GLOBAL ACTORS. 207 Volkan Tatar MEDITERRANEAN GEOPOLITICS AND INTERNATIONAL BALANCE.. 217 Huseyin Celik EXISTING AND PROSPECTIVE CENTRAL PARADIGMS OF EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN ENERGY GEOPOLITICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY: DO / WILL ALL THE RELATED PARTIES SEEK FOR COLLABORATIONS OR CONFRONTATIONS?. 231 Sina Kisacik TURKEY’S INTEGRATION OF ITS MIDDLE EAST - EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (ME-EM/MEM) AND CYPRUS (MEM-C) STRATEGIES IN ITS FOREIGN POLICY.. 269 Soyalp Tamcelik THE INFLUENCE OF SEA POWER AND TURKEY’S STRUGGLE IN THE BLUE HOMELAND… 325 Dogan Safak Polat THE GEOPOLITICAL REALITY OF THE ISLAND SEA.. 341 Huseyin Celik

PART 4. MARITIME COMMERCE, ECONOMICS AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 351 A SHORT HISTORY OF MARITIME TRADE.. 353 Haldun Aydingun AUTOMATION AND CYBERSECURITY IN MARITIME COMMERCE.. 363 Alaettin Sevim GEOSTRATEGIC AND GEOPOLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING MARITIME ECONOMICS. 381 Murat Koray MARITIME SPATIAL PLANNING FOR GLOBAL COMMONS. 401 Dincer Bayer BLUE ECONOMY AND BLUE GROWTH.. 417 I. Melih Bas