This book is about Reciprocity, the only concept, or simply asks, what is the creed of an academic research? Or what is the benefit of the community from a social research? Reciprocity has been one of the critical subjects in philosophy and social sciences of the 20th century in general. Over the last four decades, several countries settled by European powers were autonomous, and returning has become a challenge. Discussions in the book cover a linear history of philosophy, concentrating on Reciprocity-in-kind, especially the factors and policies behind the study agendas secret philosophies before and after the European powers or the colonial period. Consequently, writing on Reciprocity as a central theme requires time and implies a deep dedication to the community.

This book aims to open the controlled collective consciousness of self as a human being and then as a scholar to the community via the methodological lens instead of justified self-interest that we have been teaching since 1492 or the Columbian Exchange. We want everyone to study at least once, whether in academia or not, whoever is involved in the social sciences. You will know many unknown histories in a new light, and you will know how many blood stains are on the leaves of today’s botanical garden, how many colonial nasty things are written in the letters of ethnography. And if you do not know the history, how will you locate it today? As the history of philosophy or the history of science has no boundaries, there is no time, so is our book. We came to know by interacting with fellows, undoubtedly, without knowing this is epidemic violence on students’ academic careers, and the young researchers are becoming ‘captive’ unconsciously. This book is a practical endeavor for liberating our minds for the community to whom we are endorsed.