Philosophy Born of Struggle - Afro-American Philosophy from 1917, Third Edition, features philosophic foundations. Voices that express competing ideas about the nature of religion, social activism, humanism, culture, race, identity, dignity and values. Thus, the sections' Meta- philosophy, Political Theology and Moral Suasion, Political Theology and Critical Humanism, Ontology (Existentialism, Contract Theory, Feminism), Normativity Forging Identity, Renunciations, Dignity and Transvaluation feature chapters that use an authors' philosophic foundation to address a particular issue. The resistance tradition remains the tradition that the anthology promotes. Authors represent a particular philosophy, not a particular kind. Thus, a chapter authored by a man may present a feminist position, an LGBTQ scholars' chapter may present an argument about Afro-pessimism and transhumanism, a materialist authors' chapter may present on racism and a womanist on Kingdom rhetoric and African American life. There are certainly many areas of philosophy not covered, however, the anthology is intended as a contribution to important on-going debates. This edition features "Suggested Readings" and "Research and Paper Topics" that provides suggested readings and queries that show the radical disagreements between philosophies and encourages critical engagement.