The Muqaddimah, also known as the Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldun or Ibn Khaldun’s Prolegomena was written by the Arab, North African Muslim historian Ibn Khaldun in 1377 which records an early view of universal history. Some modern thinkers view it as the first work dealing with the philosophy of history or the social sciences of sociology, demography, historiography, cultural history, and economics. The Muqaddimah also deals with Islamic theology, political theory and the natural sciences of biology and chemistry. The Muqaddimah is also held to be a foundational work for the schools of historiography, cultural history, and the philosophy of history and it laid the groundwork for the observation of the role of state, communication, propaganda and systematic bias in history.