Paleoclimatology is the study of climate prior to the period of instrumental measurements. This book provides an enlightened approach towards the conceptualization of interacting components of the Earth system and their various features affecting the climate. This book elaborates paleoceanic techniques developed to gather data on stable isotopes, radiogenic isotopes, biogenic compounds and, elements. Additionally, paleoceanic processes such as paleotides, radiation, change in the oceanic base and, ice have been discussed in detail. Moreover, Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) modeling and methods of climate change have also been discussed. Through this book, we emphasized on worldwide climate change and its impact on human evolution. This book can deliver a great deal of vital information to scientists, environmentalists, policy makers, professors and students. Students and teachers from the background of environmental science, geology, petrology, botany, and zoology can take away valuable information from this book.