This book provides a close look at how Paul uses the Greco-Roman royal benefaction system in Romans 5:1-11 as well as 5:12–8:39 to accomplish his theological purpose of portraying Jesus Christ as the supreme royal benefactor so that the Roman believers might faithfully respond to his reign now even as they anticipate glorification. This study makes at least three significant contributions. First, at the lexical level, it provides a reading that accounts for the benefaction motifs that permeate Romans 5:1-11 and Romans 5:12–8:39. Second, it looks at the relationship between

as used in Romans 5:2 and the Messiah’s sacrifice as described in Romans 5:6-10 even as it asserts that Paul portrays Christ as a royal benefactor in ways that surprise the Greco-Roman notion of brokerage and the expectation that a beneficiary would be willing to die for the sake of his benefactor. Third, the study demonstrates that the Messiah’s supreme benefaction demands appropriate reciprocity or fitting response.