Geology is the study of Earth processes, Earth materials, and Earth history, and how they change over time. It is an Earth science and is treated as one major aspect of integrated Earth system science and planetary science as it overlaps with hydrology and atmospheric sciences. It also studies the solid components of a terrestrial planet or natural satellites such as the Mars or the Moon. Geology describes the structure of the Earth, its surface and crust, and the processes that have shaped that structure. It also helps in determining the relative and absolute age and history of the rocks, and of the Earth. It provides the primary evidence for plate tectonics, the evolutionary history of life, and the Earth’s past climates. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of geology. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.