The scientific study of climate and weather is termed as climatology. It also attempts to study the causes of climate change and their impacts on human society. It is a subfield of physical geography which draws on the principles of biogeochemistry and oceanography. The principles of climatology are used for the analysis of accumulated data and pattern recognition. These patterns find applications in the field of weather forecasting. The subject of climatology can be categorized into various sub-disciplines such as paleoclimatology, historical climatology, boundary layer climatology and synoptic climatology. Some key areas of research in this field are climate variability, climate classification, climatological processes and climate change. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice of climatology. While understanding the long-term perspectives of the topics, the book makes an effort in highlighting their impact as a modern tool for the growth of the discipline. In this book, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult concepts of climatology as easy and informative as possible, for the readers.