Economics is a science which studies human behaviours as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses. Since economic resources are scarce, optimisation forms an integral part in the study of economics. In addition, in the presence of imperfect market structure, externalities, imperfect information or public goods, the market fails to provide an efficient allocation mechanism. Optimisation of economic activities provides an effective remedial measure for market failures. This contributed volume collects advances in the studies of economics and optimisation. Contributions cover areas on analysis of optimal allocation of economic resources, economic optimisation techniques, the interface economics and optimisation, optimisation under market mechanism and history of development of optimisation techniques. The studies assembled in this volume are dedicated to the memory of a pioneering researcher and Nobel Laureate in the field of economic optimisation – Leonid Vitalyevich Kantorovich. In his 100th birthday tribute in 2012, the International Conference Mathematics, Economic, Management: Kantorovich-100 in St-Petersburg was held in his memory. Selected papers from the conference are included in this Volume. In addition, contributed papers from authors who had worked closely with Kantorovich are also contained.