This book explores the relationship between globalisation and global changes in populational structures across the world. The book begins by surveying the issue of inequality across the world and some of the key hot spots for social exclusion which is very uneven in different continents across the globe. The book moves its attention to a case study in a country that is fast becoming the world’s strongest economy: China. The chapter explores aging in China and the issues inherent of how older people’s needs are being met or not. This raises significant questions relating to theory, policy and practice.