Down syndrome (Trisomy 21), is characterised by the presence of an extra chromosome 21, and is the most common chromosomal abnormality. Clinical symptoms of Down syndrome (DS) often include orthopaedic, cardiovascular, neurological, cognitive, perceptual and motor impairments. In this book, the authors present current research from across the globe on Down syndrome. Topics discussed in this compilation include the effects of regular versus special school placement of students with Down syndrome; the clinical association between disorders of the ENS and Down syndrome; the impact of environmental risk factors on maternal meiotic errors; genomic implications of gene dosage imbalance in autosomal trisomy during neural development; parenting stress in families with Down syndrome children; using technology in the evaluation of Down syndrome children’s social-cognitive skills; and atypical postural behaviours in individuals with DS.