This volume presents a number of profound reflections on the brain and mind, their evolution and cultural dependence as expressed in oscillating trends between creativity and domestication, and their impact on our collective future. It contains a critical history of the search for the correlation between the brain and the mind, and forges culturally-dependent constructions of icons in the arts and sciences. The book also charts the evolution of existing conceptions of the nature of mind and talent, and discusses the search for a localization of particular talents in the brain.In addition, the text delves into the historical analysis of the brains of historical icons such as Descartes, Mayakovski, Lenin, and Einstein. The latter is uniquely analyzed through the author’s direct experience with the analysis of Einstein’s brain tissue. Renowned artistic talents such as Mozart, van Gogh, Ravel, and Goethe and their alleged mental disturbances are also reviewed. A general conclusion is then provided to discuss the need of promoting creativeness at early stages of human development, and the restraining effect of poverty.