Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China’s development has entered the poverty alleviation stage. Guided by General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important exposition on poverty alleviation, efforts to eradicate poverty have followed the strategy of targeted poverty alleviation. Innovation in both theory and practice has been further advanced, and China’s work in poverty reduction has reached a new phase. At the same time, relevant academic research is under way, and many insightful, forward-looking, useful research results have emerged, providing an excellent reference point for making frontline work in poverty alleviation more effective. This volume selected fifteen topics, all of which are based on the new phase of poverty alleviation, represent a strong pioneering effort, offering new perspectives in their examination of the historical process of poverty alleviation in China and the overall plan for poverty relief, a systematic explanation of important theoretical and practical innovations in the fight against poverty, or a vision for future exploration and transformation of strategies for eradicating poverty.