Between 1880 and 1920 many women researched the conditions of social and economic life in Western countries, driven by a vision of a society based on welfare and altruism. Ann Oakley, a leading sociologist, undertook extensive research to uncover this previously hidden cast of forgotten characters. She uses these stories to bring together the histories of social reform, social science, welfare and pacifism. Her fascinating account reminds us of their powerful vision of a more humane way of living - a vision that remains relevant today.