Is the legacy of the Neorealist film-making mode (or should we say mood?) a withered one? If not, what is the ideal dialogue between contemporary Italian directors and this momentous page of their cultural history all about? The aim of this book is to show that, far from being exhausted, the vivifying lymph of post-Second World War Italian Neorealism continues to sustain the aesthetic praxis of many artists.Predominantly, the staying power of Neorealism becomes apparent in the stringent moral urgency behind the realization of films such as Gomorra, Lamerica, or Terra Madre. All of them, although cinematically very sophisticated, retain the anxiety of engagement and the impassionate look upon reality that characterized the masterpieces of Rossellini, De Sica, and Visconti.All the essays in this collection highlight how, in responding to the unprecedented challenges of the New Millennium, Italian movie makers such as Garrone, Amelio, or Olmi, are able to recapture the ethical and methodological spirit of classic Neorealism in very interesting ways.