Introduces readers to the geography and human history of one of the largest islands in the Caribbean. Now in its second edition, The History of Puerto Rico is a richly informed and thoughtful introduction to the fourth-largest Caribbean island and its peoples. Beginning with an overview of the island's earliest inhabitants and placing particular emphasis on the pre-colonial Taino culture, the book explores Puerto Rico's long history as a colony, first under Spain and then as an unincorporated U.S. territory with varying degrees of autonomy. Going beyond the usual listing of important historical figures and government officials, the author explores how Puerto Rico's Indigenous peoples and working classes have worked together to survive and maintain their cultures and traditions under colonial rule for more than five centuries. A new section outlines ongoing efforts to determine how, when, or if Puerto Rico will gain statehood or independence, and a revised conclusion examines the most pressing challenges facing the island today. These include income inequality, a debt crisis, and an uncertain future in which Puerto Rico is more vulnerable than ever to climate change and natural disasters.