Foundations of Anthropological Theory presents a selection of key texts that reflect the broad range of anthropological thought on human behavior, from Herodotus and Ibn Battuta to Adam Smith and Adam Ferguson.* Enables the reader to situate the modern discipline of anthropology within the larger context of intellectual history* Features key texts from the ancient and medieval worlds through to the Enlightenment* Considers the presumptive rights of Europeans to judge the inherent moral worth of non-Western civilizations* Provides fascinating insights into the ways historians, philosophers, missionaries, and even writers of fiction have made valuable contributions to modern anthropological inquiry