Gender influenced every aspect of life in medieval and early modern Scotland. This collection illuminates how gendered expectations and experiences shaped people's relationships with where they lived, what they believed and how they exercised power. Showcasing new work by an international and interdisciplinary group of scholars, essays in this collection draw upon a wide range of sources to present familiar topics in original ways, while opening up unexpected vistas for our historical sight. Essays range from innovative interpretations of famous people and well-known events to examinations of the thoughts and activities of ordinary Scots, with consideration also for how people from the past are publicly commemorated today. Together, they demonstrate the centrality of gender in the shaping of Scottish history.