This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1915 Excerpt: … be allowed. All plates, angles, and clips should have perfectly flat and smooth faying surfaces and special care should be exercised to avoid burrs and chips. This is of particular importance in three-ply riveting. The calking should be performed very thoroughly. Heads and points of rivets should be calked where necessary. On oiltight floors and longitudinals the angle bars connecting them to the inner and outer shell should be double and calked on both sides. Angle clips connecting a non-oiltight member to an oiltight member should be calked all around its edge, as, for instance, the clips connecting ordinary floor-plates to an oiltight longitudinal. Care should be taken to leave all calking edges in way of oiltight work clear and accessible, and clips should be cut short for this purpose if necessary. At least one inch should be left between the calking edge and adjacent clips. Bosom straps of oiltight angles should take four rivets on each side of the butt. Oil-stops are used on seams, laps, staples, etc., where the plating is y pounds or less and so cannot be efficiently calked; in plating of greater thickness they should be used only where absolutely necessary. Oil-stops are made from lamp-wick, canvas, or felting soaked in a mixture of shellac and white or red lead. Often canvas soaked in a mixture of pine tar and shellac is used. CHAPTER X. OUTSIDE PLATING. 37. Different Systems: –1. Connection of Butts and Edges.–2. The Raised and Sunken System.–3. Joggling of Frames and Plates.–4. Brackets instead of Bulkhead Liners.–5. Doubling Plates.–6. Chamfer or Tapered Liners.–7. The Flush System.–8. Comparison of the Raised and Sunken System with the Flush System. 38. General Arrangement of the Strakes: –1. Breadth of the Plates.–2. The …