In Germany as Model and Monster Gisela Argyle details allusions in English novels to German social, cultural, and political life. Such allusions serve as criticism of English life and of English conventions of fiction. Beginning her study with Thomas Carlyle’s Germanizing efforts in the 1830s and ending before Hitler’s Third Reich and the Holocaust, Argyle concludes that current global conceptions of Englishness and of national literatures have made this kind of comparison in fiction obsolete.