Captain Coram’s Foundling Hospital was opened in London in 1741 for ‘the maintenance and education of exposed and deserted young children’. Hogarth was a governor of the hospital - he donated several pictures, including his portrait of Coram - as was Handel, whose famous performances of his oratorio Messiah were given there from 1750 to raise funds. John Brownlow (1800-73), himself a foundling, became secretary of the hospital from 1849 until his retirement. He introduced improvements to the children’s education and was a staunch defender of the hospital, refuting criticisms often levelled in the nineteenth century that taking in illegitimate children simply encouraged neglect. This brief account, building on his 1847 Memoranda, or, Chronicles of the Foundling Hospital (also reissued in this series), covers Coram, early supporters, the institution’s paintings - which formed the first public art gallery in London - and the care of the foundlings.