Is poverty to blame for the global environmental crisis - or conversely, is environmental degradation a major cause of poverty? This question is at the heart of this book, which conceives of environment; in the broadest sense: one that includes people and social relationships. It reflects on the relationships between poverty and environmental change, discussing practical tools and approaches to project management and presenting frameworks for action. Throughout the text practical suggestions are offered based on case studies drawn from Oxfam’s extensive experience of development and disaster-relief work with marginalized communities, both rural and urban. Appendices give an overview of environmental treaties and details of relevant websites. This book is intended to be used to support the campaigning and lobbying work of local and international development organizations, to improve the formulation and implementation of development strategies and to strengthen participatory project planning, monitoring and impact assessment.