This book not only makes a significant contribution to the literature but, by breaking new ground, seeks to create a new frame of reference for further studies of the Mediterranean. Alcalay has pulled together many strands of scholarship to present a view of the Middle East that is starkly at odds with that put forth in the establishment press and academic journals - while taking care not to sacrifice the erudition and research, whether literary critical, historical or linguistic, that have traditionally sanctioned the orientalists’ version of Levantine history in the service of Western control over the region. Ammiel Alcalay is a writer, translator, and poet living in New York City. Currently an associate professor of Classical and Oriental Literatures at Queens College (CUNY), he has written many articles on literary and historical politics in the cultures of the Mediterranean. Ammiel Alcalay is a writer, translator, and poet living in New York City. Currently an associate professor of Classical and Oriental Literatures at Queens College (CUNY), he has written many articles on literary and historical politics in the cultures of the Mediterranean. .