From horned devils to greedy money lenders, images have been used as weapons against Jews for thousands of years. Even photojournalist social reformers of the early 20th century reinforced derogatory stereotypes of Jews as wretched, immoral and dirty. Little attention has focused, however, on the ways in which Jews themselves have attempted to counteract these views and to construct their own ethnic and political identities. In this work, Michael Berkowitz examines dozens of visual renderings from the fin-de-siecle to the beginning of World War II to argue that Jews have exercised some control over representations of their own national communities and aspirations. In the decades before the Holocaust, organized segments of Jewry enthusiastically appropriated modern media in order to exert a greater influence over their public images. Presenting photographs and graphic images by Jews as attempts to disrupt or undermine prevailing perceptions, Berkowitx reconstructs the development of the Jewish self-image in the West over a crucial half-century.