The top left hand side of the keyboard reads Q-W-E-R-T-Y. Is this inefficient layout an inefficient early development to which we are now forever committed? The economics of QWERTY describes cases in which it has been claimed that technologies which have become accepted are not as good as rival technologies. Perhaps they have been locked in at an early stage, preventing newer, better possibilities from taking hold. Distinguished economists Stan Liebowitz and Steven Margolis have critically examined the various aspects of the economics of QWERTY and its implications, calling into question the historical accuracy of the standard account of QWERTY and similar cases such as those of Beta/VHS and Macintosh/Windows. They contend that no plausible case of inferior standards being locked in has ever been documented, though much antitrust activity and legislative policy has been based on the belief in the occurrence of such cases.