The validity and utility of employment tests have become entangled in the debate over the 1991 Civil Rights Bill. Worried about compliance with new federal guidelines for test validity, and concerned about possible lawsuits, the business world became wary of pre-employment testing in the early 1980s, but the use of employment testing increased throughout that decade. This book reflects a continuing focus on test validity and fairness, as psychometricians debate the logical, theoretical and empirical grounds for judging validity, and legal experts debate the appropriateness of various tests and testing practices. The book was prepared under the auspices of the National Commission on Testing and Public Policy.