This work presents the methodological and theoretical foundations for economic personalism through a detailed investigation of human action from two different perspectives: from the perspective of Karol Wojtyla in the Acting Person (1961) and the free-market perspectives of Ludwig von Mises in Human Action (1963). Both Wojtyla and Mises approach their subject with a well developed theory of human action. By comparing and contrasting their viewpoints, the authors of this book develop a comprehensive theory of human action from moral and economic perspectives. This book illustrates how a unified theory of human action could encourage a more sustained analysis of the moral dimensions of economic activity while simultaneously softening the utilitarian prejudice of contemporary economics analysis.