For two generations following the overthrow of the absolutist monarchy in France in 1789, European history was punctuated by political upheavals until in 1848 the continent was swept by revolutionary fervour. Britain alone of the major western powers seemed exempt. Why was this? The governing class at the time attributed it to divine providence and the soundness of a constitution already perfected by revolution in 1688. For a century, historians echoed this Victorian complacency about the superiority of the British and dismissed revolutionary outbursts as mere economic protest or the work of trouble-makers. Extensive evidence for revolutionary plotting was dismissed as the product of the fevered imaginations of government spies. This book builds on scholarship, which has challenged this view, and asks the reader to suspend hindsight and take seriously the threat of revolution, from the English Jacobins of the 1790s and the Luddites of 1812 to the Chartists of 1839-48. If the threat was real, the assertion that Britain was different ceases to be adequate, so the final section probes more deeply, drawing on recent research to show how the revolutionaries were defeated by the government’s propaganda against revolutionary sentiments and the strength of popular conservatism.