In 1940, when the Germans invaded France, many independent resistance cells were formed in France. Initially, these resistance cells provided only minimum opposition to the Germans. The opposition was in the form of strikes, bureaucratic delays, and occasional vandalism. What the French Resistance needed was coordination, weapons, and training. To provide all groups that were resisting the Germans, the British formed the office of the Special Operations Executive (SOE). The SOE started training agents who were either flown or parachuted into the occupied territories. Through the 1941-1942 period, the resistance cells were provided short wave radios, weapons, and SOE covert agents, which provided training. Beginning in 1942, the Allies were engaged in bombing the Germans in the occupied territories. The bombing runs resulted in Allied planes being shot down. This, in turn, resulted in Allied fliers parachuting behind enemy lines. The French resistance would find some of the downed fliers before the Germans. The resistance formed a series of safe houses to move the downed fliers through France and into Spain. From Spain, the fliers were taken to the British consulates. From the consulates, the fliers were transported back to England via sea transport. The resistance was credited with saving hundreds of fliers through this underground network.