THE ELEMENTS OF RAILWAY OPERATING ECONOMICS. CHARLES TRAVIS, DAVID R. LAMB, AND JOHN A. JENKINSON AUTHORS OF RAILWAY OPERATION, ETC. REPRINTED FROM THE RAILWAY NEWS. TWO SHILLINGS AND SIXPENCE All Rights Reserved. THE BOSWELL PRINTING AND PUBLISHING CO., LTD. OUTLINES OF RAILWAY ECONOMICS. By DOUGLAS K. NOOP, M. A., Lecturer on Economics in the University of Sheffield. Crown 8vo, 5s. net. TH SCOTSMAN A work which may be cordially commended to those engaged in the higher branches of the railway service, as well as to the ordinary student of economics. THE ECONOMICS OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT, By SYDNEY CHARTS WILLIAMS, B. A. 3 6d net THE ENGINEER A well written little book . . interesting and rich m suggestion MACMILLAN CO., LTD., LONDON. Ihe 6d. ESTABLISHED 1864 EVERY SATURDAY. 6d. PRACTICAL, TECHNICAL, INSTRUCTIVE, UP-TO-DATE. Tel. No. Holborn 2106. INDISPENSABLE TO THE RAILWAY MAN WITH AMBITIONS. Temple House, Temple Avenue, LONDON, ii. C. ADVERTISEMENTS The ROBINSON LOCOMOTIVE SUPERHEATER. THE LEADING SYSTEM. SIMPLE, —————————-EFFICIENT. A SOUND RUNNING SHED JOB. Locomotive Superheater Corporation, Ltd. PALACE CHAMBERS, WESTMINSTER, LONDON, S. W. Telephone . . VICTORIA 1762. THE ELEMENTS OF RAILWAY OPERATING ECONOMICS. To the Railway Student, interested in his profession, its importance and its vast possibilities, this volume is respectfully dedicated. CONTENTS. CHAP. PAC. I I. INTRODUCTION … … ….. … … i Historical Development British Conditions The Business of Transport The Principles of Operation in Theory and - Practice-The Economic Ideal. IT. PASSENGER TRAFFIC .. .. . m Services and Fares Passenger Train Operation Timings and Punctuality Loads, Speeds, Grades, and Conditions General Considerations. II. PASSENGER TRAFFIC continued . 32 Analysis of Passenger Traffic The Suburban Traffic Problem. IV. GOODS AND MINERAL TRAFFIC 4 Services and Rates 1 Jbads, Speeds, Grades, and Conditions Ratio of Effective York and Margins Other Considerations The Business in Small Consignments Marshalling and Concentration Yards. V. TERMINAL OPERATION 65 The Passenger Station The Goods Depot Cartage Tranships The Proposed ioods Clearing House. VI. RATES AND OPERATION … … … .. 84 Class Rates The True Basis Operating Rates. VII. CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE ROAD … 102 The Road The Gauge Initial Constructional Considerations Grades and Curves Loops and Refuge Sidings Maintenance Considerations Signaling VIII. LOCOMOTIVE DESIGN AND PRACTICE Features of Locomotive Development Loco motive Elements Hauling Power and Economic Value Locomotive Practice Super heating Compounding The Fuel Problem Water Softening. X CONTENTS CHAP. PA I IX. LOCOMOTIVE OPERATION 136 Power and Resistance Double Heading and Banking Locomotive Operation Fuel and Water Consumption Location, Lay-out, and Routine of Locomotive Depots. X. ROLLING STOCK 150 Passenger Vehicles Goods and Mineral Wagons The Problem of Wagon Distribution. XL ORGANISATION OF OPERATING DEPARTMENTS … 169 General Review Traffic and Goods Departments Locomotive Running and the Traffic Department Conclusions. XII. STATISTICS 178 Passenger Trains Goods Trains Goods Terminals Locomotive Operation Representation of Statistics. XI If. STATISTICS continued 190 A Criticism of the Ton-Mile Figure The Composition of the Ton-Mile Figure The Ton-Mile as a Unit of Operation Ton-Miles - f-Route-Miles Average Hauland Average Receipt per Ton Average Train Load Ton-Miles per Train Hour Conclusions. XIV. THE OUTLOOK 199 Co-efficients of Operation The Tractive Factor Rail v. Road Transport Rolling Stock Signalling The Staff State v. Private Management. BIBLIOGRAPHY … … … … … … … 214 INDEX 215 …