Based on research in seven countries, this international history uncovers an American security program in which Washington reached into fifteen Latin American countries to seize more than 4000 German expatriates and intern them in the Texas desert. The crowd of Nazi Party members, anti-fascist exiles, and even Jewish refugees were lumped together in camps riven by strife. The book examines the evolution of governmental policy, and the ideological assumptions that blinded officials in both Washington and Berlin to Latin American realities. Franklin Roosevelt’s vaunted ‘Good Neighbor policy’ was a victim of this effort to force reluctant Latin American governments to hand over their German residents, while the operation ruined an opportunity to rescue victims of the Holocaust. This study makes a very contemporary argument: that security measures based on group affiliation rather than individual actions are as unjust and ineffective in foreign policy as they are in law enforcement.