This wide-ranging and eclectic book is the first to view the development of music in the twentieth century from the vantage-point of the twenty-first. It traces the fragmentation of the European ‘art’ tradition, and its relocation as one tradition among many at the century’s end. While the focus is on Western traditions, both ‘art’ and popular, these are situated within the developing context of ‘world music’. An international authorship brings a wide variety of approaches to music history, but the aim throughout is to set musical developments in the context of social, ideological, and technological change, and to understand reception and consumption as integral to the history of music.