This title offers an up-to-date and comprehensive account of the development of Green parties in Western Europe, and includes an account of the development, since 1989, of an East European Green movement. Blending theory and empirical analysis, there are chapters on each of the main Western European cases and on a number of less-studied others. These are designed to demonstrate the shifting balance of party-political competition, the factor the authors believe most strongly influences the fortunes of the Greens. The editors also integrate a valuable analysis of environmentally-degraded Czechoslovakia, where Green parties’ lack of electoral success has puzzled many observers.