This book explores thematic parallels between Max Weber’s theory of the rationalization and disenchantment of the modern work and the critiques of contemporary culture developed by Lyotard, Foucault and Baudrillard. It is suggested that these three theorists, associated with poststructuralism and postmodernism, respond to Weber’s account of the rise, nature and trajectory of modern culture by pursuing highly imaginative and coherent strategies of affirmation and re-enchantment. Examining the work of these three key thinkers in this way casts new light on Weber’s sociology of rationalization and his theory of the crisis of modernity. It also specifies the nature of transgressive critiques of modern culture and their strengths and weaknesses.