The Institute of Medicine (IOM) workshop The Conduct of Health Care Quality Improvement and Implementation Research was held on May 24-25, 2007, in Irvine, CA. The purpose of this workshop was to gain a better understanding of what is known and not known about quality improvement and implementation research. Experts were asked to identify current methods and best practices as well as areas where future efforts should be concentrated to propel the field. As with its previous workshop, the Forum on the Science of Health Care Quality Improvement and Implementation invited speakers from other disciplines to share their experiences in their respective fields. Although many disciplines are relevant to this topic, not all views could be incorporated because of workshop time constraints, but will be incorporated in the forum’s future activities. The State of Quality Improvement and Implementation Research: Expert Views, Workshop Summary describes and summarizes workshop presentations and discussions.