This volume presents the conclusions of the National Research Council’s Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy from industry studies published under the title, U.S. Industry in 2000: Studies in Competitive Performance, and other work on U.S. industrial performance. It reviews patterns of corporate strategy and industry restructuring and considers the role of the national monetary and fiscal policies as well as trade, regulatory, and intellectual property policies. The report presents new statistical evidence of trends in public and private R&D expenditures and outlines a policy agenda for the next decade.