This volume looks at the administration of research and service programs in the U.S. Public Health Service to determine whether these programs fare better when administered jointly or through separate agencies. It uses case studies and analyzes of programs and administrative processes, together with the results of more than a hundred interviews with top-ranking government officials and representatives of concerned organizations. The book also focuses on the extent and effects of program and project duplication, replication, and complementarity in the research activities of the National Institutes of Health and the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration.