This collection of papers was presented at the 1988 biennial conference of the International Society for Comparative Psychology in Australia, and it underlines how comparative psychology can help confront global environmental problems by analyzing and comparing the behaviour of humans and animals. This often complex relationship is clarified as each contributor examines a particular aspect relating to the ecology of Australia. The continuities and discontinuities in the evolutionary patterns of animal species, the impact of human knowledge and the use of animals on the ecological balance, and the need for collaborative efforts to effect change figure prominently in the study. Much of the reported work in this volume details data collected from aboriginal sources which trace the behaviour development of many native species. Althought this book focuses on Australia, its content is applicable on a much wider scale.