This is a sequel to a volume published in 2011 by OUP under the title The Ubiquitous ‘Siva: Som=ananda’s 'Sivad.r.s.ti and his Tantric Interlocutors. The first volume offered an introduction, critical edition, and annotated translation of the first three chapters of the 'Sivad.r.s.ti of Som=ananda, along with its principal commentary, the 'Sivad.r.s.tiv.rtti, written by Utpaladeva. It dealt primarily with 'Saiva theology and the religious views of competing esoteric traditions. The present volume presents the fourth chapter of the 'Sivad.r.s.ti and 'Sivad.r.s.tiv.rtti and addresses a fresh set of issues that engage a distinct family of opposing schools and authors of mainstream Indian philosophical traditions. In this fourth chapter, Som=ananda and Utpaladeva engage logical and philosophical works that exerted tremendous influence in the Indian subcontinent in its premodernity. Among the authors and schools addressed by Som=ananda in this chapter are the Buddhist Epistemologists, and Dharmak=irti in particular; the Hindu school of hermeneutics, i.e., the M=im=a.ms=a; the Hindu realist schools of the logic- and debate-oriented Ny=aya and their ontologically-oriented partners, the Vai'se.sika; and the Hindu, dualist S=a.mkhya and Yoga schools. Throughout this chapter, Som=ananda endeavors to explain his brand of 'Saivism philosophically. Som=ananda challenges his philosophical interlocutors with a single over-arching argument: he suggests that their views cannot cohereDLthey cannot be explained logicallyDLunless their authors accept the 'Saiva non-duality for which he advocates. The argument he offers, despite its historical influence, remains virtually unstudied. The Ubiquitous 'Siva Volume II offers the first English translation of Chapter Four of the 'Sivad.r.s.ti and 'Sivad.r.s.tiv.rtti along with an introduction and critical edition.