Foreword - Ernst Mayr

CHAPTER 1. Variation an d Viability: Central Concepts in Biology- Benedikt Hallgr msson & Brian K. Hall

CHAPTER 2. Variation from Darwin to t he Modern Synthesis, by Peter J. Bowler Introduction I. Variation before Darwin II. Darwin and Variation< BR id=‘CRLF’>III. Alternative Theories of Variation and Evolution IV. Neo-Darwinism V. The Evolutionary Synthesis VI. Conclusions

CHAPTER 3. The Stati stics of Variation, by Leigh Van Valen Abstract Introduction I. Absolute Variation: Univariate Case II. Absolute Variation: Multivariate Case III. Rela tive Variation: Univariate Case IV. Relative Variation: Mul tivariate Case V. Dimensionality of Variation
VI. Tightness VII. Measurement Error and Single Specimens CHAPTER 4. Landmark Morphometrics and the Anal ysis of Variation, by Joan T. Richtsmeier, Subhash R. Lele and Theodore