In conducting this study, the main objective was to analyse the factors that constitute a blockage in the process of implementing sustainable development in Africa. The major challenge is to answer the question of how to solve the problem of the man-made ecological crisis from within man himself, while at the same time providing Africa with the conditions of possibility that make it an economically and socially strong continent.As a response, we first interpreted Hans Jonas’ philosophical reflection on ecological ethics. At this level, it appeared to us that man is both autonomous and vulnerable. His autonomy allows him to transform the bond of harmony that existed between him and nature, to achieve another type of bond, this time one that ends up making him and nature with him vulnerable and perishable. The autonomy in question here is the one that explains his recourse to technology for the sole purpose of transforming nature to his liking under the pretext of providing for his vital needs.