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One of major challenges facing Earth’s science in the next decade and beyondis the development of an accurate long term observational data set to study global change. To accomplish this, a wide range of observations will
be required to provide both new measurements, not previously achievable and measurements with a greater degreee of accuracy and resolution than the ones which are presently and currently available. Among the parameters that are currently retrieved from satellite vertical sounding observations, temperature and moisture profiles are the most important for the
description of the thermodynamic state of the medium. Other
parameters, like those describing the cloud fields, the surface state
or the conditions close to the surface are also key parameters for
meteorology and climatology. A new generation of high spectral atmospheric sounders in the infrared has recently been designed to provide both
new and more accurate data about the atmosphere, land and oceans for
application to climate studies. Among the important observations that these instruments should contribute to the climate data set are day and night
global measurements of: atmospheric temperature profiles; relative
humidity profiles; cloud field parameters; total ozone burden of
the atmosphere; distribution of minor atmospehric gases (methane, carbonmonoxide and nitrous oxide).
