Petersburg (1913, revised 1922) is the title of Andrei Bely’s masterpiece, a Symbolist work that foreshadows Joyce’s Modernist ambitions. For various reasons the novel never received much attention and was not translated into English until 1959 by John Cournos, over 45 years after it was written, after Joyce was already established as an important writer. It was regarded by Vladimir Nabokov as one of the four greatest masterpieces of twentieth century prose.