Examines the impact of Rome and its vibrant culture upon Milton in the course of his two two-month sojourns in the city in 1638-1639. Focusing on his neo-Latin writings pertaining to that period, it presents new evidence of the academic, literary, and musical contexts surrounding Milton's proactive integration into seicento Rome. Highlighting Milton's self-fashioning as one who was hospitably embraced by Catholic Rome, this volume traces his networking with distinguished Italian humanists (upon whom he left no slight an impression). Not least, we read of Milton's attested presence in the hub of Catholicism, the Vatican itself, and his language is fulsome, even excited.